"I was never able to eat"

21. January 2012 stand 01: 54 GMT Muhammad's rare condition is assumed that impact on 12 to 15 eighteen-year-old Mohammed Miah children in the UK has never been able to eat.

While many people try less after the excesses of the festive season food, not Muhammad himself drinking tap water.

"The water be boiled or are mineral water has otherwise my stomach do not like." "My stomach is very sensitive."

A serious bowel condition means that he had to rely on artificial feeding since birth.

His meals in liquid form, protein, carbohydrate, fat, water, minerals and vitamins come during the day.

At night, a pump moves more nutrients into his stomach through a special tube.

In the past rely he has on fed intravenously, where the content of the feed to bypass the usual processes of food and digestion.

There was a particularly bad magic a few years ago, remembers Muhammad.

"My gut does no longer work at all." I could get even liquid food or water. It was a case of 'Nil by Mouth'. "That lasted several months."

Nerves failure

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction, is thought Muhammad rare disorder involving around 12 to 15 children in the United Kingdom.

The intestines lose the ability to eat, Chair or air through the gastrointestinal tract.

Doctors in Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, where Muhammad was treated, believe that his special situation is caused by a failure of the nerves within the smooth muscle of the intestines, something known as hollow visceral myopathy.

But he is still a possible positive side to its State.

"Sometimes I think that I'm healthier than other people." "If you think about all those who eat junk food people... at least I get fat."

Has he ever desperate to eat a proper meal?

"We are so good my feeds now, that I have not really hungry, to be honest." And if I'm really sick I'm not feeling hunger more. "It is only normal for me."

Muhammad's doctor, Dr. Nikhil Tharpar, says more research into bowel is required

Despite his courageous stance, the condition had a great influence on Muhammad's life.

Although he is to manage his studies at Newham College and hopes to the University go to next year, he has days when his energy levels are very low and he struggles to get out of bed.

'Knife Edge'

Dr. Nikhil Tharpar, lecturer in Pediatric Gastroenterology at University College London Institute of child health, says, that it urgently necessary, intestinal conditions to understand better.

"We can control only the symptoms at the moment." The treatment is only allowed to survive patients such as Muhammad. We offer no no cure.

"But we want to look at why these developed birth defects in the first place, and some research to grow some of the missing nerves view of stem cells."

Dr. Tharpar recognises that children have a lifelong problem with intestinal pseudo-obstruction that they cannot change.

"These children are very brave, despite everything."

"they have a very poor quality of life, are each week in and outside of the hospital and suffering from severe constipation and blood clots."

"they are life often on knife edge."

Great Ormond Street Hospital in London was set recently the National Centre for diagnosis and treatment of children with the condition.

"Intestinal problems are so common," says Dr. Tharpar.

"Fifty percent of children suffer from at some point bowel problems."

To increase the efforts, awareness and money for bowel disease research, Dr. Tharpar Kilimanjaro is in February of climbing.

After many operations Muhammad energy levels would allow him not to participate in such a demanding challenge.

But he hopes that the hike and no future research have life-changing impact on him.

Source BBC

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It's never too late to lose weight, study hints

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By Genevra Pittman

NEW YORK | Tue Oct 25, 2011 4:16pm EDT

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Teens who are overweight or obese have higher chances of dying from heart disease down the line, but that extra risk virtually vanishes if they shed the spare pounds as adults.

That's according to a new study that tracked almost 19,000 men starting at age 18 -- when all of them were Harvard University undergrads -- for more than half a century on average.

"We have lots of data showing that if you are obese in middle age, it increases your risk of dying," said I-Min Lee from Harvard Medical School in Boston, who worked on the study.

"What we have less data on is, what if you're heavy when you're younger? How does that impact your health later on?"

The findings, Lee said, show that it's important to keep extra weight off in the first place -- but if young adults are overweight, they can lower their future heart risks by slimming down.

The data came from Harvard students who had a routine medical exam, which included measurements of height and weight, when they started college between 1916 and 1950.

In the 1960's, researchers followed up with 18,995 of the men and again asked about their height and weight, as well as other lifestyle habits and medical issues that could affect their risk of heart disease. At the time of those second surveys, the men were 46 years old on average.

For the current study, a new group of researchers collected participants' death certificates and determined that over 56 years from their first medical exams, about 11 percent of the men died from heart disease.

It turned out that being heavy at both the early and mid-life health checks increased the risk of ultimately dying from heart disease.

Obese young men had almost double the risk of their slimmer peers for heart disease death. Compared to normal-weight Harvard alumni, middle-aged men were 25 percent more likely to die of heart disease if they were overweight and 60 percent more likely if they were obese.

Those links held up when Lee and her colleagues took into account men's other heart disease risks, including high blood pressure, smoking and lack of physical activity.

However, the extra heart risk that came with being overweight and obese early in life disappeared in men who were no longer heavy at their follow-up health assessment, the researchers reported this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

Often, "obese young adults become obese middle-aged adults," Lee told Reuters Health.

"However, if you're able to lose that weight, once you get to normal weight in middle age... the excess risk you had as a youngster goes away."

Even people who are heavy in their 50s and 60s can ease their future heart risks by losing weight, Lee added.

Stephen Kritchevsky, who has studied weight loss in older adults at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, agreed.

"The number of years being fat isn't as important as being overweight at middle age," he told Reuters Health. "At least through middle age, regardless of your life history, it is likely to be helpful to your health to try to lose weight."

Lee's team noted that the findings might not apply to women, since they weren't included in the study. Another limitation is that the study didn't distinguish where on their bodies different men carried their fat, which may affect the risk of heart disease.

Still, Kritchevsky, who wasn't involved in the new study, said the findings are "good news" for both the young and old.

"For younger overweight people, it suggests that if you address that, it will pay off," he concluded. For that group, "it's not too early to address it, and for middle-aged people, it's not too late."

SOURCE: bit.ly/tmd85w Archives of Internal Medicine, online October 24, 2011.

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In Peru, A Hunt For Chocolate Like You've Never Tasted It

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Martin Mejia/AP

Farmers dry cacao beans in Uchiza, Peru, a file photo from 2008. Researchers are exploring the wild cacao bounty of Peru's Amazon Basin, part of an effort to jump-start the country's premium cacao industry.

Christopher Columbus first encountered the cacao bean on his final voyage to the New World some 500 years ago. It took a while for Europeans to embrace the taste — one 16th-century Spanish missionary called the chocolate that indigenous people drank "loathsome."

But by the 17th century, chocolate met sugar, and it became a hit the world over — it's now a $93 billion a year global industry, according to market research firm Mintel.

Centuries and countless foil-wrapped bars later, it turns out we've barely begun to sample the many flavors that nature has to offer to satisfy our chocolate cravings. Scientists from the USDA's Agricultural Research Service recently reported discovering three previously unknown varieties of wild cacao in the Amazon rainforest of Peru.

 

"It's pretty amazing that this crop that we've been growing [for hundreds of years] — we still know so little about it," Lyndel Meinhardt, who led the ARS research team, tells The Salt.

Cacao trees originated in the Amazon. Mesoamericans cultivated cacao for thousands of years, and chocolate was important to both Mayan and Aztec culture. The Spanish introduced the treat from the Americas to the Old World — and added the sugar. Eventually, other European powers wanted in on the action, so they exported cacao trees to their colonies — which is how Africa ended up providing much of the cacao we eat in chocolate today.

But apparently, "some of the fine flavor material wasn't moved in the beginning," says Meinhardt. So the bulk beans grown in Africa represent just a small sampling of the many flavors of cacao. Or as connoisseurs might argue, it's not the really good stuff.

The world's germplasm banks — collections of genetic material that the chocolate industry relies on to preserve cultivars — aren't much help, either. Meinhardt says, "There's not a lot of diversity in the collections."

Meinhardt and his colleagues from ARS aim to change that. So they teamed up with Peru's Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales to document the genetic bounty of wild cacao in the country's Amazon Basin. The haul from expeditions in 2008 and 2009 included 342 wild cacao specimens from 12 watersheds.

Like wine, cacao flavor is influenced by the region where it's grown. The researchers want to catalog Peru's "cacao varietals," analyze their DNA and identify the so-called flavor beans that premium chocolate makers covet. It's all part of an effort to help jump-start Peru's premium chocolate industry (and lure former coca farmers to cacao.)

The big question, of course, is what these chocolate discoveries taste like. Sadly for chocoholics, it will be several years before we get to find out. Cacao is a slow-growing tree; it takes at least five years for a tree to bear pods. So it will be a long while yet before the saplings now growing at a central collection spot in Tarapoto, Peru, yield enough beans to turn into chocolate.

It's possible the taste won't amount to more than a hill of cocoa beans. Then again, several years ago, the Amazon yielded up a wild cacao strain in Bolivia that Swiss chocolate maker Felchlin released in a limited edition bar called Cru Sauvage — or Wild Vintage — for about $60 a pound. Its flavor was apparently so arresting, it inspired one writer to journey into the heart of the Amazon in search of the man who helped bring it to market.

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The Toughest Little Bird You've Never Heard Of

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They're nothing to look at. They're not colorful. They seem so ordinary, in mottled brown, black and gray, if you noticed them at all, you'd think, "ah, just another shore bird, pecking at something in the water." But you'd be so wrong. Bar-tailed Godwits are special. So special, they deserve special attention.

They are the only birds known to fly more than 7,000 miles nonstop, that means no food breaks, no water breaks, no sleep breaks, no pausing, just pushing through cyclones, storms, headwinds, flappity flap, flap for days and nights — and this is their championship season. In September and October, they leave Alaska, head straight for the ocean. Though they are land birds, and cannot fish or rest on the sea, they will cross most of the Pacific Ocean, and fly all the way to New Zealand. Many of them are young, and have never done this before. No other bird can do what they do, and they're doing it right now.

 

As you read this, a bunch of Bar-tailed Godwits or Kuakas, as they're called in New Zealand, are hanging out in western Alaska, eating a rich medley of clams, worms, seeds and berries, guaranteed to add ounces to their slight frames (check our exclusive Kuaka Workout Program below). They eat so much, they double their body weight. To do that, their intestines and gizzard, not much needed in flight, literally shrink, making space for more fat.

Then they wait. What they want is a good wind to help them south. This time of year, at the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska, the weather often obliges.

According to wildlife biologist Bob Gill and his colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey Science Center, between late August to early November, roughly "two and five cyclones track into the Gulf of Alaska each month that generate winds favorable for southward departure." So when a storm system comes their way, they somehow know it's time, and off they go, up into the sky, riding the winds, which keep them moving at, Gill figures, an average speed of 35 miles an hour, with storms, gusts and cyclones boosting them south.

Fighting The Winds

Pacific winds will constantly change; both for them and against them. Once they hit mid-passage, equatorial breezes slow, and the bird has to beat his or her way south without much help. They burn half their body weight as they fly, and sleep, bird-style, by shutting down one side of the brain at a time. Past the equator, they bump into the southeasterly trades, which is the runner's equivalent of an uphill slog, pushing them west, so they have to navigate to keep on course.

How they do that, many of them never having been in the southern hemisphere, never having seen the southern stars, nobody seems to know. But they manage. One female, dubbed E7, because that was the code on her wireless transmitter, is the current world champion: she flew 11,680 kilometers (7,369 miles) in 8.1 days. Non-stop. (Gill knows that because the transmitter told him so.)

Nobody Does It Better

What a bird! There are 70,000 of them, but they seem to be losing population. The trek back north in the spring takes them west, to Asia, where they stop and feed. Wetlands are being drained in that part of the world, which may make it hard for them to make the last leg home to Alaska. It would be a terrible thing to have these fierce, athletic birds wink out.

So while they're with us, performing their unmatched Kuaka feats of flight, I think it's only right that we go to bat for them, pr-wise, get them a show on Bravo ("The Real Kuakas of New Zealand"), get them booked on Leno and Letterman, get Mario Batali to reproduce their miracle diet, and — why not? — reach out to other birds who might want to know a little more about the "Kuaka lifestyle."

I asked my friend Josh Kurz to work on a few ideas — he has dabbled in advertising — and he came up with an ad that celebrates these birds so much, you're going to have to click on it two times to read it all. It's aimed, strangely, at owls and turkeys — who don't share the Kuaka's migratory urge, but hey, Josh is just publicizing what the rest of us — human, bird, whatever — really ought to know: that these birds may look puny, but under those plain brown feathers lies a mighty heart.

Illustrator (and reporter/producer) Josh Kurz regularly contributes to this blog. He recently illustrated a story about the last living wild cycad and before that produced an enormous stack of fish cans to illustrate acceptable ways to spell the word mackerel.

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