Why close hospitals is good for your health

12. September 2011 booth 12: 56 GMT by Nick Triggle health correspondent of the BBC News stroke was Services revised in London over decisions close - or move - hospital services are always controversial. But there is häufenden evidence that actually support better these changes and can save lives.

Every hour someone in London has a stroke - but are the lucky in many ways.

It is now widely recognised that is probably the best place in the world, a city to have.

And it's all because some services were shut down.

The capital of stroke care has been overhauled in the spring of 2010. Instead is spread over 30 hospitals, how they are used, services are now centralized in eight "super sites".

It's meant, patients quickly, you will receive 24-hour access to the best care and 400 lives per year to save.

If a stroke is suspected, a patient is immediately placed in one of the eight centres. There they are measured by a stroke specialist and a brain scan within 30 minutes of arrival.

This allows physician to make sure that patients receive the right treatment in time.

For example, require 15% of stroke patients clot-busting drugs blood flow to the brain within hours of the stroke to restore. In London, almost all of them get it.

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the problem is, all of you on board and agreed to the idea, but then their local unit is threatened local campaigns is underway and it makes it harder than it should be "

end quote Mike Farrar NHS Confederation in fact six of the eight units have received the highest degree possible by inspectors." In the rest of the country, only one in 13 units were the review, da.

Tom Greenwood, head of London operations for the Stroke Association, says: "I think there is evidence that the system in London is leading."

"Patients tell us, they are amazed at how seamless and integrated it is - it really has services better."

Risk for patients

But it is not only stroke care that can benefit from such a redesign.

King's Fund has argued that a number of specialties will benefit would come from fewer pages.

In a report published earlier this year marked the think tank of A & E, maternity, neonatal and heart services in particular.

Without such measures, said researchers at risk patients.

The argument has also from other places were provided.

A wave of new hospital, developments have taken place in the last ten years

The Royal College of surgeons said that emergency departments should be not services, to ensure that the expertise is not too thinly scattered less than 300,000 inhabitants.

Currently, the North-East has an emergency room for all 150,000 people. The North west and London fair little better.

Similar arguments have care of the Royal College of Obstetricians and gynecologists and child heart surgery for motherhood while an official NHS review put forward by local health chiefs.

But these steps at a price - the closure of the individual hospital departments or sometimes whole centres.

'Equipment'

For example, said the review of child heart surgery between four and five units had to stop operation ensure, doctors, the enough operations carried out, to keep their skills.

This proposal has local campaigns to save the endangered units, with one even entitled, ignited the proposals by the courts.

It is this kind of backlash that makes such a difficult step to overhauling hospitals.

Despite the strong case, which often cannot be relied upon, feel connected to their local hospital the public.

And as a result, politicians have publicly eschewed change - back up, even if the centralisation of services often saves money by to make healthcare more efficient.

Hospitals were the visible face of NHS, since it was created. This was cemented in the 1960s, that extends the network of General district hospitals seen to every corner of the country.

And it has to build the private money through the use of PFI in the 1990s has been reinforced or renovated has used over 100 hospitals.

But Mike Farrar, Chief Executive of the NHS Confederation is health managers, says, that in hospitals, which can often come in the way.

He had experience of two large transformation as he head of the North West regional health authority - one with the closure of an A & E unit and the other is the overhaul of maternity care in the Greater Manchester.

"The problem is, all of you on board and agreed to the idea, but then their local unit is threatened local campaigns is underway and it makes it harder than it should."

"It means that we for years, if the arguments for change and sometimes not exactly what benefit the patients."

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Arctic ice hits close to record low, threatening wildlife

16 September 2011

Audio for this story of morning Edition will be at approximately 9: 00 am ET available.

Slim Allagui/AFP/Getty Images

Ice on the Arctic Ocean melted to the second lowest level on record. Ago, ice cream in a fjord in Greenland.

Ice on the Arctic Ocean melted to the second lowest level on record, according to researchers in Colorado, to pursue this development. The summer melt with a dramatic warming in the last ten years, and it is already the wildlife in the Arctic Ocean.

This year, the height of the Arctic sea ice met the second lowest level since records began in 1979. The table below shows the amount of Arctic ice, in million square miles, since 2007.

The Arctic ice comes and goes with the seasons; Usually about half of the winter melts ice until mid-September. After this low point, the ice grow back. In 2007 the amount of ice hit a dramatic links in September low.

Says Mark Serreze, who leads the national snow and ice data center in Colorado, this year deep not far away is that 2007.

He says "what it tells us that the long term decline of Arctic sea ice being continued, and even seems at this time speed".

Says Serreze, what is to this year 2007 compared with the record-low year the weather was different.

"In 2007 one of the major reasons we to a record low, is, because we basically had a near-perfect weather pattern, pumped the many warm air in the Arctic," says Serreze.

Unusual cloud-free sky accelerated melting, and wind patterns of ice to disappear. Serreze says that was this year's melt almost as bad, but without the extreme weather.

Sea ice is really in trouble. The ice is so thin, now that it can take only a hit more in the summer.

-Mark Serreze, national snow and ice data center

", The US is the ice really in trouble, says", he says. "The ice is so thin, now, that it can take only a hit more in the summer."

This is a vicious circle set up. There is no question that the will freeze over Arctic Ocean up again in the autumn and winter, but there is less and less really thick ice building backup from year to year.

"Next spring come, are we only have a lot of thin ice, in autumn and winter." "This is the stuff that simply melts the next summer," says Serreze. "So there is a feedback at work, and this feedback is always stronger with time."

Serreze says the Arctic could be ice-free in the summer to about 2030, though, is that difficult to predict; other scientists say that it could be middle of the century, before this tragic point is reached.

Why is it important? Ice that is swimming at sea raise not sea level when it melts. But researchers believe that it the weather will change, when us far to the South. It is already affecting Arctic nature.

Thousands of walruses that float around on ice and to feed diving on the ocean floor as the only ice from the Coast Alaska links was abandoned, the ice floes of water, that was too deep.

"After the sea ice ran out, much the walruses came to the coast of northwestern Alaska and began dragging," says Chad Jay, an ecological research with the United States Geological Survey in Alaska. He says it to feed from coast, is more difficult on the walruses because they have to swim, to cut back on their food supply. It also says more dangerous for them to on the rocks instead of being on hold to it.

"When they out moved into these large aggregations on the Bank, if there is an error or something that causes the walruses to flee quickly in the water, then quickly lead the calves over and die as a result", says Jay.

He is now trying to find out how the walruses adapt, since continued, that the sea ice melt.

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