China seizes 65M counterfeit pills, some harmful

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BEIJING (AP) — Police in China have seized more than 65 million fake pills and arrested 114 suspects during a four-month investigation into counterfeit drugs.

The Ministry of Public Security said in a statement Friday that a criminal network extending over eight provinces used starch or corn powder to make fake medicines and repackaged drugs past their use-by dates.

The ministry says police also found animal feed, chemical pigments and other ingredients that are harmful to people.

Police started the investigation after discovering that a woman in central Henan province had substituted genuine medicines with fake products in pharmacies.

The ministry says 1,000 police officers broke up 117 dens that produced or sold fake medicine via websites or advertisements.

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Vitamin E pills linked with prostate cancer risk

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In this Monday, Oct. 10, 2011 photo, Joe Latina, 71, is shown on his porch at his home in Ashtabula, Ohio. Latina participated in a study involving vitamin E pills. Vitamin E pills are linked with an increased risk for prostate cancer, according to follow-up data from a study aiming to see if the supplements could prevent the disease but halted when there were signs of possible harm. Men who had been randomly assigned to take vitamin E were 17 percent more likely to get prostate cancer than those given dummy pills, the follow-up report found. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak) In this Monday, Oct. 10, 2011 photo, Joe Latina, 71, is shown on his porch at his home in Ashtabula, Ohio. Latina participated in a study involving vitamin E pills. Vitamin E pills are linked with an increased risk for prostate cancer, according to follow-up data from a study aiming to see if the supplements could prevent the disease but halted when there were signs of possible harm. Men who had been randomly assigned to take vitamin E were 17 percent more likely to get prostate cancer than those given dummy pills, the follow-up report found. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak) In this Monday, Oct. 10, 2011 photo, Joe Latina, right, 71, walks with his wife, Rita, along the shores of Lake Erie in Ashtabula, Ohio. Joe Latina participated in a study involving vitamin E pills. Vitamin E pills are linked with an increased risk for prostate cancer, according to follow-up data from a study aiming to see if the supplements could prevent the disease but halted when there were signs of possible harm. Men who had been randomly assigned to take vitamin E were 17 percent more likely to get prostate cancer than those given dummy pills, the follow-up report found. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak) In this Monday, Oct. 10, 2011 photo, Joe Latina, 71, is shown on his porch at his home in Ashtabula, Ohio. Latina participated in a study involving vitamin E pills. Vitamin E pills are linked with an increased risk for prostate cancer, according to follow-up data from a study aiming to see if the supplements could prevent the disease but halted when there were signs of possible harm. Men who had been randomly assigned to take vitamin E were 17 percent more likely to get prostate cancer than those given dummy pills, the follow-up report found. (AP Photo/Tony Dejak)eval("var currentItemd57851005a80479aaeeb90a12c70b9ff = 1;");eval("var nextd57851005a80479aaeeb90a12c70b9ff = 0;");eval("var previousd57851005a80479aaeeb90a12c70b9ff = 0;"); CHICAGO (AP) — There is more evidence that taking vitamin E pills can be risky. A study that followed up on men who took high doses of the vitamin for about five years found they had a slightly increased risk of prostate cancer — even after they quit taking the pills.

Doctors say it's another sign that people should be careful about using vitamins and other supplements.

"People tend to think of vitamins as innocuous substances, almost like chicken soup — take a little and it can't hurt," said lead author Dr. Eric Klein of the Cleveland Clinic. The study shows that is not true.

"If you have normal levels, the vitamin is probably of no benefit, and if you take too much, you can be harmed," Klein said.

Men randomly assigned to take a 400-unit capsule of vitamin E every day for about five years were 17 percent more likely to get prostate cancer than those given dummy pills. That dose, commonly found in over-the-counter supplements, is almost 20 times higher than the recommended adult amount, which is about 23 units daily.

The results mean for every 1,000 men who took vitamin E, there were 11 additional cases of prostate cancer, compared with men taking dummy pills.

The study was actually launched to try to confirm less rigorous research suggesting vitamin E might protect against prostate cancer. Overall, about 160 of every 1,000 U.S. men will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime.

Risks increase as men age. Detection can be tricky since symptoms such as frequent urination can also be caused by harmless conditions, and doctors disagree about the benefits of screening tests. Treatment is also complex since some slow-growing prostate cancers are not deadly but some procedures, including surgery, can damage sexual function and cause incontinence.

Just last week, a government-convened panel of experts recommended against routine PSA screening for prostate cancer. That draft advice is open for public comment.

What should vitamin E users do, given the new study results? About 13 percent of American men take it, according to a supplement trade group.

Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer for the American Cancer Society, says they should stop taking large doses and talk to their doctors about risks and benefits from prostate cancer screening. Smaller doses, typically found in multivitamins, are probably fine, said Brawley, who was not involved in the research.

Vitamin E is found in foods such as nuts, seeds and vegetable oils. The nutrient helps nerves, muscles, blood vessels and the immune system function.

Vitamin E supplements have long been promoted for disease prevention, but scientific research has disproven many claims and suggested they might increase risks for some conditions, including heart failure.

Brawley noted that the study echoes previous thinking on beta-carotene, which once was thought to protect against cancer but more recently has been linked with increased risks for lung cancer, especially in smokers.

"There should be a global warning that ... excessive use of vitamins has not been proven to be beneficial and may be the opposite," Brawley said.

Experts generally agree that foods are the best sources for vitamins.

The new research appears in Wednesday's Journal of the American Medical Association. The National Cancer Institute and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine paid for the multimillion-dollar study.

Joe Latina, a cabinet shop owner in Aurora, Ohio, was among study participants. He said researchers gave him pills they said "might slow down prostate cancer." Now 71 and cancer-free, he says he doesn't know whether he was given vitamins or dummy pills.

Latina said he "was kind of surprised" by the study results, but is not stressing out over the possibility that he still might get cancer.

"I'm a positive thinker," he said. "I'm not walking around saying, 'Oh my God, the other shoe is going to drop. I don't think I have any way to control it."

The study involved more than 35,000 healthy men aged 50 and older, from the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. They were randomly assigned to take daily vitamin E or selenium supplements, both pills or dummy pills. The study was halted after about five years when there were signs of no benefit and a possible increased risk for prostate cancer in vitamin E users. The researchers continued tracking the men even after they stopped taking pills.

The follow-up found that a potential link between selenium and diabetes was a false alarm, but it confirmed signs of a vitamin E-prostate cancer link. Over a total of about seven years, there were 76 cases of prostate cancer diagnosed per 1,000 men, versus 65 cases in men given dummy pills.

"The implications of our observations are substantial," the study authors said.

The results suggest that extra risks associated with taking relatively high doses of vitamin E continue even after supplements are stopped. The researchers said it is unclear how vitamin E would harm the prostate.

There was no increased risk for men who took both vitamin E and selenium, suggesting that selenium might somehow counter the harmful effects of vitamin E, the study authors said.

Duffy MacKay of the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a supplement makers' trade group, said the study shouldn't be interpreted as questioning the benefits of vitamin E as an essential nutrient, and he said there is evidence that many Americans don't get enough.

___

Online:

JAMA: http://www.jama.ama-assn.org

National Cancer Institute: http://www.cancer.gov

PSA recommendations: http://www.ahrq.gov

__

AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/LindseyTanner .

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Vitamin pills 'may shorten life'

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11 October 2011 Last updated at 00:57 GMT By Michelle Roberts Health reporter, BBC News A healthy diet should provide enough nutrients without the need for supplements, experts advise When it comes to vitamins, it appears you could have too much of a good thing, say researchers who report a link between their use and higher death rates among older women.

Experts have suspected for some time that supplements may only be beneficial if a person is deficient in a nutrient.

And excess may even harm, as the study in Archives of Internal Medicine finds.

All of the women, in their 50s and 60s, were generally well nourished yet many had decided to take supplements.

Multivitamins, folic acid, vitamin B6, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron in particular appeared to increase mortality risk.

The researchers believe consumers are buying supplements with no evidence that they will provide any benefit.

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Based on existing evidence, we see little justification for the general and widespread use of dietary supplements”

End Quote The study authors They are quick to stress that their study relied on the 38,000 US women who took part in it recalling what vitamins and minerals they had taken over the previous two decades.

And it is difficult to control for all other factors, like general physical health, that might have influenced the findings.

But they say their findings suggest that supplements should only be used if there is a strong medically-based cause for doing so because of the potential to cause harm.

"Based on existing evidence, we see little justification for the general and widespread use of dietary supplements," Dr Jaakko Mursu of the University of Eastern Finland and his research colleagues said.

Less is more

In the study, iron tablets were strongly linked with a small (2.4%) increased death risk, as were many other supplements. The link with iron was dose-dependent, meaning the more of it the individual took, the higher their risk was.

Continue reading the main story

Too much can be toxic and it is easy to inadvertently take more than the recommended daily amount”

End Quote Helen Bond British Dietetic Association Conversely, calcium supplements appeared to reduce death risk. However, the researchers say this finding needs more investigation and they do not recommend that people take calcium unless advised to by a doctor in order to treat a deficiency.

Drs Christian Gluud and Goran Bjelakovic, who review research for the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to evaluate best evidence, said: "We think the paradigm 'The more the better' is wrong."

They say dietary supplementation has shifted from preventing deficiency to trying to promote wellness and prevent diseases, and caution: "We believe that for all micronutrients, risks are associated with insufficient and too-large intake."

Helen Bond of the British Dietetic Association said some people, like the elderly, might need to take certain supplements. For example, vitamin D is recommended for people over the age of 65.

But she said that generally, people should be able to get all the vitamins and minerals they needed from a healthy, balanced diet.

She said some took supplements as an insurance policy, wrongly assuming that they could do no harm. "But too much can be toxic and it is easy to inadvertently take more than the recommended daily amount."

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Fish oil pills don't improve kids' braininess

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By Kerry Grens

NEW YORK | Thu Sep 29, 2011 5:16pm EDT

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Despite some evidence that taking fish oil pills during pregnancy can help children's brain development, a new study suggests that the supplements make no difference in measures of intellect when the kids are six years old.

The findings support the results of an earlier Norwegian study that also found no differences in IQ among seven-year-olds whose mothers did or did not take fish oil supplements while pregnant and breastfeeding.

Fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), that are found in fish and other foods are considered to be important for the developing fetus.

The question, however, has been whether adding more of these fats to mothers' diets through supplements will further benefit the baby.

In the current experiment, researchers asked expectant mothers during the second half of their pregnancies to take fish oil, fish oil plus a folate supplement, folate alone or a pill that did not contain any supplements.

Nearly seven years later, the team, led by Dr. Cristina Campoy at the University of Granada in Spain, gave intelligence tests to 154 children from this group.

The kids performed similarly on the tests, regardless of what type of pill their mothers had taken during pregnancy.

The results, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, do not mean that fatty acids like DHA are not important.

In fact, the researchers found that the children of women who had high levels of DHA in their red blood cells around the time they gave birth scored above average on the intelligence tests at age six.

These mothers, however, were not necessarily given fish oil supplements. Rather, the result could reflect mothers' intake of DHA from various sources over a longer period of time, and might mean that long term fatty acid intake "is more beneficial than receiving supplementation alone during pregnancy," the authors wrote in their study.

A recent study in Australia also found that DHA supplements did not help the visual development of babies (see Reuters Health story of May 26, 2011).

The current study did not measure the diets of the children, something that could have influenced the results, said Dr. Ingrid Helland at Oslo University Hospital, who led the earlier Norwegian research.

"It might be that subtle beneficial effects of (prenatal fish oil) supplementation are being overshadowed by other factors (genetics, social stimulation, nutrition etc)," Helland wrote in an email to Reuters Health.

She is not totally giving up on the idea that taking fish oil might be beneficial.

"If a friend would ask me if she should take supplements or not, I would recommend supplementation, but emphasize that we still do not have any scientific proof that it benefits the child," said Helland.

SOURCE: bit.ly/nW3xdX American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, online August 17, 2011.

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Could Taking Birth Control Pills Make Women's Memory More Like Men's?

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A new study shows that taking birth control pills can affect women's memory.

Shawn Nielsen, a graduate student in neurobiology and behavior at the University of California, Irvine, conducted a study with 66 female students, half of whom were taking oral contraception and half who were not.

The participants were given a unique memory test. Some women were randomly assigned to view an emotionally charged video about a young boy who was hit by a car while walking with his mother and then rushed to the hospital, where doctors reattach his severed feet. Other women watched a more neutral narrative in which the mother and son observe a minor accident and then go to the hospital to practice a disaster drill.

Nielsen, who is working toward her doctorate in the lab of Larry Cahill, a well-known hormone researcher, was interested in teasing apart how differences in estrogen and progesterone levels may affect memory. Previous research has hinted that estrogen may enhance verbal memory; in one study, for example, women taking oral contraception showed better recall of words on the active hormone days of their pill cycle than on days when they either weren't supposed to take active pills or took non-hormonal substitutes.

In the current study, when women who viewed the emotional video were tested a week later about what they saw, those who were taking the pill were able to recall the general thread of the story better than its specific details. This is similar to how men remember emotional events, says Nielsen.

"If we reduce women's sex hormone levels, the change in the type of information they recall is more like what a male participant might remember," she says. The pill works by flattening out natural spikes in estrogen and progesterone — which is what triggers ovulation — and signals the body not to make additional hormones, keeping levels low throughout the cycle.

The results were the exact opposite for the women who weren't on the pill: they were better at remembering details, such as what color shirt the boy had on, whether the mother wore glasses, or whether there was a fire hydrant at the intersection. The naturally cycling women couldn't recall the general narrative of the story as well as they could these details.

This doesn't mean that the pill squelches memory or that it robs women of their ability to recall salient things. It's just a matter of what type of information they remember. Since the pill keeps hormone levels steady throughout the cycle, women who take it tend to react differently to emotionally charged experiences, compared with women undergoing the natural monthly ebb and flow of hormones. And that's important since many of the mental illnesses that affect women — such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder — are extremely emotional in nature.

"What is important about these findings is that sex hormones affect the type of information recalled from an emotional event," says Nielsen. "What that says to us is that these changes are a powerful tool for future studies investigating the underlying neurobiology of these disorders.

"Simply taking the pill and suppressing natural sex hormone levels can affect what type of information you remember from an emotional event. That speaks to the role that estrogen and progesterone play in memory — they affect how a woman remembers an emotional event in her life," says Nielsen.

A better understanding of this connection could lead to more effective therapies that may target such hormonal drivers. Nielsen is already trying to figure out exactly what levels of hormones are associated with changes in recall. She is about to launch additional studies to correlate fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone in naturally cycling women with changes in the type of information they recall from emotional events.

The current study was published in the journal Neurobiology of Learning and Memory.

Alice Park is a writer at TIME. Find her on Twitter at @aliceparkny. You can also continue the discussion on TIME's Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIME.

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Qualitest recalls birth control pills: FDA

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WASHINGTON | Fri Sep 16, 2011 6:10pm EDT

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Qualitest Pharmaceuticals is voluntarily recalling several lots of birth control pills because of a packaging error that could leave women at risk for unplanned pregnancy, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said.

Select blisters were rotated 180 degrees within the card, reversing the weekly tablet orientation and making the lot number and expiration date no longer visible, the FDA said in a statement on its website.

The error means the daily regimen for the oral contraceptives may be incorrect and could leave women at risk of an unplanned pregnancy, it said. The defects do not pose any immediate health risks.

"This packaging error and the potential for this error to have affected other oral contraceptive products resulted in the company issuing the recall of multiple lots," the agency said.

The recall takes effect immediately. It includes Cyclafem 7/7/7, Cyclafem 1/35, Emoquette, Gildess FE 1.5/30, Gildess FE 1/20, Orsythia, Previfem and Tri-Previfem.

The affected lot numbers can be found here

Qualitest is a unit of Endo Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc.

(This story corrects the link to affected lot numbers)

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Qualitest recalls birth control pills: FDA

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WASHINGTON | Fri Sep 16, 2011 6:10pm EDT

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Qualitest Pharmaceuticals is voluntarily recalling several lots of birth control pills because of a packaging error that could leave women at risk for unplanned pregnancy, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said.

Select blisters were rotated 180 degrees within the card, reversing the weekly tablet orientation and making the lot number and expiration date no longer visible, the FDA said in a statement on its website.

The error means the daily regimen for the oral contraceptives may be incorrect and could leave women at risk of an unplanned pregnancy, it said. The defects do not pose any immediate health risks.

"This packaging error and the potential for this error to have affected other oral contraceptive products resulted in the company issuing the recall of multiple lots," the agency said.

The recall takes effect immediately. It includes Cyclafem 7/7/7, Cyclafem 1/35, Emoquette, Gildess FE 1.5/30, Gildess FE 1/20, Orsythia, Previfem and Tri-Previfem.

The affected lot numbers can be found here

Qualitest is a unit of Endo Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc.

(This story corrects the link to affected lot numbers)

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