Sangamo gene therapy shows promise in reducing HIV

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By Deena Beasley

Sun Sep 18, 2011 1:18pm EDT

n">(Reuters) - An early stage trial of Sangamo BioSciences Inc's HIV treatment found that the gene therapy reduced levels of the virus and even eliminated it in one patient with a naturally occurring gene mutation.

The very small Phase 1 trial tested the SB-728-T gene therapy, which is designed to disrupt the CCR5 gene used by HIV to infect cells of the immune system.

If shown to be safe and effective, the treatment could end the need for the antiretroviral drugs now used to keep the virus that causes AIDS in check by suppressing viral replication in the blood.

Trial results presented in Chicago on Sunday at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy show a "statistically significant relationship between estimated modification of both copies of the CCR5 gene and viral load," said Dr. Carl June, trial investigator and director of translational research at the University of Pennsylvania's cancer research institute.

In a statement, June said the results suggest the need to increase the frequency of the modified cells in HIV-infected patients, which could lead to a "functional cure" for AIDS, but the means of achieving this have not been clarified.

Sangamo said earlier this year that a single infusion of the treatment improved immune system damage in nearly all of the subjects analyzed in the first trial of the therapy in humans.

The 10 patients in the trial were on antiretroviral therapy when the study began. After four weeks, six of them went on a "treatment interruption," during which they stopped taking antiviral medication for 12 weeks.

Viral load decreased in three of the six subjects, with one patient's viral load reduced to undetectable levels. That patient carried a naturally occurring mutation in one copy of his CCR5 gene.

Humans contain two copies of each gene, one from the father and one from the mother, which sometimes are referred to as the alleles of a gene.

"Since one copy of his gene was already disrupted naturally, twice as many of his cells were 'biallelically' modified," Sangamo Chief Executive Officer Edward Lanphier said in a telephone interview, meaning that both members of the CCR5 gene pair were knocked out.

He estimated that between 5 percent and 10 percent of HIV patients carry the genetic mutation.

Around 33 million people worldwide have the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. Major producers of current HIV drugs include Gilead Sciences and GlaxoSmithKline.

Lanphier said Sangamo will move ahead with a strategy to maximize the number of cells that can be "biallelically" modified by SB-728-T. Options include targeting only the small segment of patients with mutated CCR5 genes or using "strategies that boost the amount of engraftment of modified cells."

The CEO said he plans to unveil details of Sangamo's plans at an investment banking conference in New York on Wednesday.

Lanphier emphasized that the company intends to take the HIV treatment into mid-stage trials without a partner.

"We have more than sufficient cash to push forward into Phase 2 trials," he said, reaffirming that Sangamo expects to have cash holdings of at least $85 million at year-end.

(Reporting by Deena Beasley in Los Angeles)

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HEALTH MANAGEMENT. Western states lead in reducing lung cancer rates: study

BOSTON (Reuters) - Western U.S. states boast the lowest rates and most rapid decline in lung cancer in the nation as fewer people smoke cigarettes, a study released on Thursday showed.
Over nearly a decade, from 1999 to 2008, rates of new lung cancer cases dropped among men in 35 states and women in six states, with residents in the West leading the pack, the report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said.
The results show that by curbing smoking, lung cancer rates could decline to levels not seen in a century, producing significant health care cost savings and saving lives, CDC researchers said.
"What the report is showing is that we are really turning around one of our most significant modern day epidemics, and that is lung cancer," said Marcus Plescia, director of CDC's cancer prevention and control division.
Cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke caused most lung cancer deaths in the United States, the CDC said.
The deadly disease is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the country, it said.
Lung cancer is linked closely with smoking patterns, with declines in lung cancer rates emerging as soon as five years after smoking rates drop, the CDC said.
States that invested in tobacco control strategies such as higher tobacco prices, media campaigns and 100 percent smoke-free policies saw larger declines in smoking, it said.
"It's an investment that really, really pays off, not just in life loss, but for fiscal savings, too," Plescia said.
The study is the first time the CDC has broken down smoking and lung cancer trends at a state level.
While lung cancer rates among men continued to fall, it was only from 2006 to 2008 that women showed decreases nationwide, bucking a years-long rising trend.
Lung cancer incidence among women decreased in the West, stabilized in the Midwest and was climbing in the Northeast between 1999 and 2008.
At the same time, lung cancer among men decreased in 35 of 44 states analyzed and remained stable in nine others.
According to the CDC analysis, many states with high ratios of people who quit smoking were in the West and Northeast.
Findings showed the South was plagued with higher rates of smoking and lung cancer cases than other regions.
Researchers said the Southeast has shown the least progress and probably has the weakest tobacco control programs.

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