Twitter 'offers world mood clues'

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota
29 September 2011 Last updated at 18:43 GMT By James Gallagher Health reporter, BBC News The researchers say Twitter provides a real-time reflection of mood. Researchers have trawled through more than half a billion messages on Twitter, looking for changes in people's mood across days and seasons.

They said people start off brightly in the morning, but mood deteriorates throughout the day until a boost late in the evening.

Unsurprisingly, they found people tended to be happier on Saturdays and Sundays than during the working week.

Changes in the hours of daylight also had an effect.

It has been difficult for scientists to investigate changes in mood. The authors of this study argue that traditional laboratory tests are limited as they are based on university students self-reporting their mood.

Some academics have begun looking at social networking sites to gather data on a wider and more diverse group of people.

Mood rhythm

The team at Cornell University, New York, argued that monitoring Twitter provides a real-time reflection of mood.

They looked at messages from 2.4 million people's public tweets from 84 countries and used language detection software to score positive and negative feelings.

Positive feelings started high, but began to fall in mid-morning and then picked up again in the evening. Generally, positive words appeared more at the weekend than during the week.

However, the researchers say work is not necessarily to blame as the shift in mood pattern "was similar on weekends and weekdays" which instead "points to sleep and the biological clock" as the cause.

Negative feelings were lowest in the morning and increased throughout the day. The researchers said: "This pattern also suggests that people may be emotionally refreshed by sleep."

Researchers said day length affected positive tweets, but not negative ones suggesting "that winter blues is associated with diminished positive affect but not increased negative affect".

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Twitter 'offers world mood clues'

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota
29 September 2011 Last updated at 18:43 GMT By James Gallagher Health reporter, BBC News The researchers say Twitter provides a real-time reflection of mood. Researchers have trawled through more than half a billion messages on Twitter, looking for changes in people's mood across days and seasons.

They said people start off brightly in the morning, but mood deteriorates throughout the day until a boost late in the evening.

Unsurprisingly, they found people tended to be happier on Saturdays and Sundays than during the working week.

Changes in the hours of daylight also had an effect.

It has been difficult for scientists to investigate changes in mood. The authors of this study argue that traditional laboratory tests are limited as they are based on university students self-reporting their mood.

Some academics have begun looking at social networking sites to gather data on a wider and more diverse group of people.

Mood rhythm

The team at Cornell University, New York, argued that monitoring Twitter provides a real-time reflection of mood.

They looked at messages from 2.4 million people's public tweets from 84 countries and used language detection software to score positive and negative feelings.

Positive feelings started high, but began to fall in mid-morning and then picked up again in the evening. Generally, positive words appeared more at the weekend than during the week.

However, the researchers say work is not necessarily to blame as the shift in mood pattern "was similar on weekends and weekdays" which instead "points to sleep and the biological clock" as the cause.

Negative feelings were lowest in the morning and increased throughout the day. The researchers said: "This pattern also suggests that people may be emotionally refreshed by sleep."

Researchers said day length affected positive tweets, but not negative ones suggesting "that winter blues is associated with diminished positive affect but not increased negative affect".

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HEALTH MANAGEMENT. New facility offers a potentially safer alternative gene therapy delivery

Spontaneous order of DNA fragments in a special matrix is the key to gene vectors, create treatment non-toxic delivery that recently in European physical according to a study, journal E.
Scientists of the CNRS Paul Pascal Research Centre, an Institute of the University of Bordeaux in France, and colleagues from the Institute of physics created a complex system, the University of Sao Paolo, which for this designed to keep DNA fragments in solution between the hydrophilic layers of a matrix of fatty substances (also, lipids) along with certain of the surfactant (used to reduce the levels of stiffness). Gene therapy is a possible application so far still not tested.
Although gene therapy was initially delivered using viral vectors, the recent attempts to develop of alternative vectors have with positively charged lipids form complex structures with DNA fragments taken advantage of electrostatic forces. However the positively charged ions that have used known as cations, in this type of vector for human cells has proven reliable.
Until now only positively charged fatty substance were suitable DNA in a complex vector operation. The authors of this study have opposite demonstrated by creating an electrically neutral matrix, like a layered cake, the DNA fragments in a high concentration in the solution between the layers built up.
The authors found that organize DNA fragments within the complex in the course of time. These fragments to align spontaneously parallel to each other and form rectangular and hexagonal structures across the Plains. The emergence of ordered structures in high concentrations in DNA explains the change of atomic level interactions within the levels and the representation of interactions at the interface between the layers and of DNA molecules.
The next step of the research are the exact physical forces that hold together the plant research. Applications of go gene therapy vector design, how you can apply the same principle for the supply of other particles such as chemical drugs.

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