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We give you many useful information about health

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We give you many useful information about health

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We give you many useful information about health

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We give you many useful information about health

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Tampilkan postingan dengan label Childs. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label Childs. Tampilkan semua postingan

Minggu, 04 Desember 2011

Baby Name Game: How a Name Can Affect Your Child's Future

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AppId is over the quota

All parents like to think that their baby is unique — the cutest, brightest, most engaging infant ever born. And one way parents seek to reflect their child's uniqueness is by bestowing them with equally distinctive, sometimes weird, names.

How best to ensure your child's moniker is special? Google, of course.

Last week, the New York Times wrote about how parents-to-be routinely use the search engine to evaluate baby names. Worried about their unborn child's future digital footprint, parents are also using online searches to vet the spellings of names they're considering. "A quick search can help ensure that a child is not saddled with the name of a serial killer, pornography star or sex offender," wrote the Times. One couple shunned "Kalia" in favor of their own creation, "Kaleya," after the former popped up images of busty women in thongs.

Parents have struggled with what to name Junior for eons, and for good reason. According to Judaism's Talmudic tradition, a baby's name is its first gift. Though it has always been an important decision, the Times suggests the digital age has made it even knottier:

[W]hat's new is the level of complexity that Google and other search engines have brought to the name game. Some parents want names that are unique so their child will rise to the top of future search results. Others want names that are uncommon enough to bestow uniqueness, but not so exotic that they would be considered weird on the playground. A rare few want their child's name to get lost in a virtual crowd…

Uniqueness seems to be a primary motive and has spurred an unspoken competition among parents to find the most original names, said Laura Wattenberg, author of The Baby Name Wizard, a guide for selecting a name. "Parents thinking of a baby name will type it in and say: 'Oh, no, it's taken. There are already three others with that name.'"

If the scientific research on the topic is any indication, parents may be doing the right thing by stressing over name selection. Names can have profound and lasting implications over the course of a person's life. "Name your kids what you love, but be aware there are consequences," says David Figlio, an economics and education professor at Northwestern University who has researched the effect of names on children.

MORE: Who's Your Baby Daddy? New Paternity Test Can Tell at 12 Weeks

In one study, Figlio analyzed the effects on children with so-called "linguistically low-status" names. Across all races and ethnicities, there are certain letter combinations that are more likely to be given by high-school-drop-out moms. Among white families, Alexandra may be spelled Alekzandra; the "kz" combo is almost never seen in middle-class families. For African Americans, it may mean use of the prefix "Sha" rather than the more highly regarded "La."

Figlio found that teachers treat kids with low-status names differently: they're more likely to be referred for special education, less likely to be recognized as gifted and they perform poorer on tests, according to research published in 2005 by the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Names may even help predict career paths. When Figlio studied sisters who were both good at math, he discovered that those with more linguistically feminine names were more likely to shy away from math and science and stick with humanities classes compared to their siblings with linguistically androgynous names. If you're set on your daughter Anastasia becoming a doctor, you'll have to be extra vigilant to fight any cultural stereotypes. "She may become the English major and her sister, Jordan, may become the bio major," says Figlio. "That's happening at rates that are too big to ignore."

And think twice before you give your son a girlie-sounding name: boys with names such as Ashley, Shannon, Jamie and Courtney tend to have more behavior problems in middle school, according to Figlio's 2006 study in Education Finance and Policy.

You could always look to pop culture for inspiration, as did 50% of parents surveyed by BabyCenter.com, which just released its list of the 100 most popular baby names for 2011 (Sophia and Aiden topped the girls' and boys' lists, respectively). Nearly 1 in 5 parents surveyed refused to succumb to the cult of celebrity, however, electing instead to go maverick. They said they'd consider inventing a name or plucking one from the dictionary to ensure their child would stand out.

MORE: What's in a Baby Name: 2011's Most Popular Monikers

That's not a bad idea, says Figlio, although his prime recommendation — each year, he fields about 100 emails from parents seeking advice on what to name their kids — is to bequeath a name that's both resonant and meaningful.

That's what my husband and I tried to do when choosing Hebrew names for our three kids. In doing so, we've all but guaranteed that they won't find their names emblazoned on a rack of personalized mugs in the local toy store, but we've also given them names that we hoped would capture their essence — "spring," "song" and "my light."

As a fringe benefit, we seem to have also secured somewhat of a singular identity for them. Even though I know other people with my kids' names, it's almost certain that they'll be the only ones of their ilk in class. (Of course, the Times notes, there's never any guarantee, citing the case of a Jewish lesbian couple who intentionally selected the Hebrew names Asher and Levi for their boys after making sure they didn't appear on the Social Security Administration's most-popular list, only to run into another Asher being parented by two different Jewish lesbian moms.)

Selecting a unique name is paramount for today's parents, says Linda Murray, editor-in-chief of BabyCenter.com, but with 4 million babies born in the U.S. each year, unique can be hard to come by. BabyCenter does what it can to help, offering up the most popular names as a reference — so you'll know what not to name your baby. "We put the list out as a service," says Murray, "so parents know what other parents are doing."

Bonnie Rochman is a reporter at TIME. Find her on Twitter at @brochman. You can also continue the discussion on TIME's Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIME.



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Rabu, 09 November 2011

Are you missing your child's pain?

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AppId is over the quota
Pediatric pain experts say children's pain is often undermedicated.Pediatric pain experts say children's pain is often undermedicated.Doctors say they children's pain is often undermedicatedParents, doctors worry about drug overdoses or misuseParents encouraged to ask doctors questions before child leaves hospitalDoctors, parents often miss the pain of quiet children

(CNN) -- It's happened so many times that Dr. Raymond Pitetti has lost count: A child comes into the emergency room with, say, a broken leg, and doctors give him strong narcotic painkillers in the ER, but then send the child home with no pain medication at all.

"The pain is just as severe as when they were in the hospital, but they're sent home with nothing and that broken bone is going to hurt like crap for a while," he says."Then we see the kid back in the ER the next day because they're in horrible pain."

Pitetti and other pediatric pain experts say children's pain is often undermedicated, whether that pain is from a broken bone or after a surgery. For example, a study out last week in The Journal of Pediatric Surgery reported that 13% of children had pain that lingered for months after surgeries such as appendectomies.

"Children are not being given enough pain medication, and they're suffering needlessly," says Dr. Zeev Kain, senior author of the study and a pediatric anesthesiologist at the University of California, Irvine.

"We really need to get better about this, because we've been horrible at it for a long time, adds Pitteti, an associate professor of pediatrics at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.

Doctors and parents both at fault

While physicians often feel comfortable giving a child narcotic pain medication in the hospital, they get nervous about continuing that medication once the child goes home, even if the child is in severe pain.

"They're worried patients will misuse the drugs, or overdose," says Pitetti, "But really if you dose the drug right and write the prescription for only a short period of time, there shouldn't be anything to worry about."

When doctors do send children home with the right medication, some parents decide not to give it.

Many of these parents have heard news stories about the growing number of people who die after overdosing on prescription narcotics. This week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention called prescription drug overdoses an "epidemic," noting that 15,000 people died in 2008 from prescription drug overdoses -- more than died from cocaine and heroin overdoses combined.

Pediatric pain experts say narcotic pain medications are safe for children at the right doses, and there's little if any risk of addiction if the drugs are taken for a short time.

"If you treat someone with Percocet or morphine for three days, nothing's going to happen," Pitetti says. "We worry about people taking these drugs for weeks or months or years, not for days."

If you don't alleviate your child's pain, his or her recovery will most likely be slower, says Kain, pointing to studies that show children walk sooner after surgery, sleep better and get back to school sooner if they're not in pain.

Advice for parents

Pediatric pain experts have these tips for parents:

1. Ask your doctor about pain medication before your child leaves the hospital

If you think your child is in pain or will be in pain once you return home from the hospital, ask about pain medication.

"And if your child was on something for pain in the hospital, ask why they're not continuing it when they go home," Petitti advises.

2. Ask your doctor when to give the medication

Ask if you should give your child medication before the pain starts or only if they're in pain, or if you should give the medication before your child tries to do a physical activity such as walking.

"You need to be really aggressive in terms of asking questions," Kain advises.

3. Fill out your child's prescription before you get home

When you arrive home with a sick child after a surgery or visit to the ER, it's often tough to leave that child to go get the medication. Kain advises filling the prescription on the way home or at the hospital pharmacy if your hospital has one.

4. Recognize when your child is in pain

Once you get home, remember that a child won't always cry, scream, or complain when they're in pain, pediatric pain experts say. Some children in pain become quiet and withdrawn or have trouble eating or sleeping.

Unfortunately, both parents and doctors sometimes miss the pain in the quiet kids.

A 2008 study titled "The Squeaky Wheel Gets the Grease" showed that a day after having a broken limb treated in the emergency room, 20% of children received no pain medication, and 44% received only one dose. The children who were most likely to get medication were those who were loud and cried a lot.

Children in certain ethnic groups may be less likely to say they're in pain because their culture places a high value on appearing stoic. Some studies have shown that Hispanics, for example, are less likely to talk about pain and ask for medicine.

5. Think about other ways to address the pain besides drugs

Alternative methods such as aromatherapy, acupuncture and music can be extremely helpful for kids in pain, Kain says.

Another technique is particularly powerful: distraction.

"You should definitely acknowledge your child's pain by saying something like 'Poor baby, I know it hurts to move, but then you should quickly move on to a solution," Kain says. "You can say 'let's go for a drive' or 'let's read a book' or 'let's plan your birthday party together.' Don't just let your child lie there miserably on the sofa."



Education Information



Technology

Selasa, 04 Oktober 2011

Why your child's care should be moved

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AppId is over the quota
16 September 2011 Last updated at 00:58 GMT By Dr David Shortland Vice-president of the RCPCH Boy in hospital Fifty children's wards 'might close' Every parent wants the best care for a sick child.

But - as this government makes its first decision about restructuring hospital care - Dr David Shortland, vice-president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health says being treated further away from home might be necessary to get the best.

As changes within the NHS and the financial squeeze start to bite, hospitals are looking again at the affordability of keeping skilled paediatricians available on call 24 hours a day in small hospitals where there are similar services within about 30 minutes drive.

There are many units operating with dangerously low levels of staff, and trainee doctors being left to manage wards because there are just not enough senior consultants.

There is increasing pressure from the government to reconfigure children's services so that senior paediatricians are located in more specialist inpatient units, with smaller hospital wards closing or being converted to daytime-only units staffed by specialist nurses and visiting consultants.

It is likely that up to 50 of the existing 218 inpatient wards would need to close in the UK.

Many of these units will have experts on site to see children during the day rather than taking in-patients as they do now.

Although A&E departments don't only provide paediatric services, we are all aware that they are all under the same pressures.

Closures 'inevitable'

It is completely understandable that parents are worried about their local services moving away, but these changes are important so specialist units can achieve and sustain the necessary excellence and quality.

If we want our health service to protect health outcomes and safeguard children and young people, then parents have to face travelling further for treatment if their child needs an overnight stay.

As a parent, I would expect and want my child to have the highest quality care possible - and it is crucial the standards of care are not comprised in any way.

Continue reading the main story
If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?”

End Quote These changes will allow doctors and nurses to be more readily available to the sickest children whilst continuing to offer the local service for early diagnosis and observation.

The new changes proposed will ensure that children are seen by senior trainees and consultants with better expertise and experience in a set period of time.

It's also important to highlight that it is not just paediatric services that are feeling the strain on services - we have seen opinion divided over children's heart surgery centres in recent weeks.

The government is also considering reducing the number of units locally and focusing on the regional centres for providing better care and outcomes for patients with a decision to be made by the end of this year, and changes implemented in 2013.

No matter which units are under scrutiny, the quality of care must remain or it only right those who cannot meet minimum standards should be closed down.

But any change should be solely on the basis of ensuring that the right standards of care can be met and children's health is paramount, taking into consideration the implications of longer journeys and transport arrangements.

Closure and changes to children's services are inevitable, but the reasons should be completely about the quality of care and support so children get better.

If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?



Debt Financing



Career Advisor

Rabu, 28 September 2011

Why your child's care should be moved

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota
16 September 2011 Last updated at 00:58 GMT By Dr David Shortland Vice-president of the RCPCH Boy in hospital Fifty children's wards 'might close' Every parent wants the best care for a sick child.

But - as this government makes its first decision about restructuring hospital care - Dr David Shortland, vice-president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health says being treated further away from home might be necessary to get the best.

As changes within the NHS and the financial squeeze start to bite, hospitals are looking again at the affordability of keeping skilled paediatricians available on call 24 hours a day in small hospitals where there are similar services within about 30 minutes drive.

There are many units operating with dangerously low levels of staff, and trainee doctors being left to manage wards because there are just not enough senior consultants.

There is increasing pressure from the government to reconfigure children's services so that senior paediatricians are located in more specialist inpatient units, with smaller hospital wards closing or being converted to daytime-only units staffed by specialist nurses and visiting consultants.

It is likely that up to 50 of the existing 218 inpatient wards would need to close in the UK.

Many of these units will have experts on site to see children during the day rather than taking in-patients as they do now.

Although A&E departments don't only provide paediatric services, we are all aware that they are all under the same pressures.

Closures 'inevitable'

It is completely understandable that parents are worried about their local services moving away, but these changes are important so specialist units can achieve and sustain the necessary excellence and quality.

If we want our health service to protect health outcomes and safeguard children and young people, then parents have to face travelling further for treatment if their child needs an overnight stay.

As a parent, I would expect and want my child to have the highest quality care possible - and it is crucial the standards of care are not comprised in any way.

Continue reading the main story
If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?”

End Quote These changes will allow doctors and nurses to be more readily available to the sickest children whilst continuing to offer the local service for early diagnosis and observation.

The new changes proposed will ensure that children are seen by senior trainees and consultants with better expertise and experience in a set period of time.

It's also important to highlight that it is not just paediatric services that are feeling the strain on services - we have seen opinion divided over children's heart surgery centres in recent weeks.

The government is also considering reducing the number of units locally and focusing on the regional centres for providing better care and outcomes for patients with a decision to be made by the end of this year, and changes implemented in 2013.

No matter which units are under scrutiny, the quality of care must remain or it only right those who cannot meet minimum standards should be closed down.

But any change should be solely on the basis of ensuring that the right standards of care can be met and children's health is paramount, taking into consideration the implications of longer journeys and transport arrangements.

Closure and changes to children's services are inevitable, but the reasons should be completely about the quality of care and support so children get better.

If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?



View the original article here



Peliculas Online

Minggu, 25 September 2011

Why your child's care should be moved

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota
16 September 2011 Last updated at 00:58 GMT By Dr David Shortland Vice-president of the RCPCH Boy in hospital Fifty children's wards 'might close' Every parent wants the best care for a sick child.

But - as this government makes its first decision about restructuring hospital care - Dr David Shortland, vice-president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health says being treated further away from home might be necessary to get the best.

As changes within the NHS and the financial squeeze start to bite, hospitals are looking again at the affordability of keeping skilled paediatricians available on call 24 hours a day in small hospitals where there are similar services within about 30 minutes drive.

There are many units operating with dangerously low levels of staff, and trainee doctors being left to manage wards because there are just not enough senior consultants.

There is increasing pressure from the government to reconfigure children's services so that senior paediatricians are located in more specialist inpatient units, with smaller hospital wards closing or being converted to daytime-only units staffed by specialist nurses and visiting consultants.

It is likely that up to 50 of the existing 218 inpatient wards would need to close in the UK.

Many of these units will have experts on site to see children during the day rather than taking in-patients as they do now.

Although A&E departments don't only provide paediatric services, we are all aware that they are all under the same pressures.

Closures 'inevitable'

It is completely understandable that parents are worried about their local services moving away, but these changes are important so specialist units can achieve and sustain the necessary excellence and quality.

If we want our health service to protect health outcomes and safeguard children and young people, then parents have to face travelling further for treatment if their child needs an overnight stay.

As a parent, I would expect and want my child to have the highest quality care possible - and it is crucial the standards of care are not comprised in any way.

Continue reading the main story
If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?”

End Quote These changes will allow doctors and nurses to be more readily available to the sickest children whilst continuing to offer the local service for early diagnosis and observation.

The new changes proposed will ensure that children are seen by senior trainees and consultants with better expertise and experience in a set period of time.

It's also important to highlight that it is not just paediatric services that are feeling the strain on services - we have seen opinion divided over children's heart surgery centres in recent weeks.

The government is also considering reducing the number of units locally and focusing on the regional centres for providing better care and outcomes for patients with a decision to be made by the end of this year, and changes implemented in 2013.

No matter which units are under scrutiny, the quality of care must remain or it only right those who cannot meet minimum standards should be closed down.

But any change should be solely on the basis of ensuring that the right standards of care can be met and children's health is paramount, taking into consideration the implications of longer journeys and transport arrangements.

Closure and changes to children's services are inevitable, but the reasons should be completely about the quality of care and support so children get better.

If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?



View the original article here



Peliculas Online

Selasa, 20 September 2011

Why your child's care should be moved

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota
16 September 2011 Last updated at 00:58 GMT By Dr David Shortland Vice-president of the RCPCH Boy in hospital Fifty children's wards 'might close' Every parent wants the best care for a sick child.

But - as this government makes its first decision about restructuring hospital care - Dr David Shortland, vice-president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health says being treated further away from home might be necessary to get the best.

As changes within the NHS and the financial squeeze start to bite, hospitals are looking again at the affordability of keeping skilled paediatricians available on call 24 hours a day in small hospitals where there are similar services within about 30 minutes drive.

There are many units operating with dangerously low levels of staff, and trainee doctors being left to manage wards because there are just not enough senior consultants.

There is increasing pressure from the government to reconfigure children's services so that senior paediatricians are located in more specialist inpatient units, with smaller hospital wards closing or being converted to daytime-only units staffed by specialist nurses and visiting consultants.

It is likely that up to 50 of the existing 218 inpatient wards would need to close in the UK.

Many of these units will have experts on site to see children during the day rather than taking in-patients as they do now.

Although A&E departments don't only provide paediatric services, we are all aware that they are all under the same pressures.

Closures 'inevitable'

It is completely understandable that parents are worried about their local services moving away, but these changes are important so specialist units can achieve and sustain the necessary excellence and quality.

If we want our health service to protect health outcomes and safeguard children and young people, then parents have to face travelling further for treatment if their child needs an overnight stay.

As a parent, I would expect and want my child to have the highest quality care possible - and it is crucial the standards of care are not comprised in any way.

Continue reading the main story
If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?”

End Quote These changes will allow doctors and nurses to be more readily available to the sickest children whilst continuing to offer the local service for early diagnosis and observation.

The new changes proposed will ensure that children are seen by senior trainees and consultants with better expertise and experience in a set period of time.

It's also important to highlight that it is not just paediatric services that are feeling the strain on services - we have seen opinion divided over children's heart surgery centres in recent weeks.

The government is also considering reducing the number of units locally and focusing on the regional centres for providing better care and outcomes for patients with a decision to be made by the end of this year, and changes implemented in 2013.

No matter which units are under scrutiny, the quality of care must remain or it only right those who cannot meet minimum standards should be closed down.

But any change should be solely on the basis of ensuring that the right standards of care can be met and children's health is paramount, taking into consideration the implications of longer journeys and transport arrangements.

Closure and changes to children's services are inevitable, but the reasons should be completely about the quality of care and support so children get better.

If your local unit can't meet the minimum standards of care for your child - wouldn't you rather drive that little bit further to one that can?



View the original article here



Peliculas Online

Jumat, 16 September 2011

HEALTH MANAGEMENT. How To Help Your Child's Brain Grow Up Strong

Welcome to Your Child's Brain

Babies may look helpless, but as soon as they come into the world, they're able to do a number of important things. They can recognize faces and moving objects. They're attracted to language. And from very early on, they can differentiate their mother from other humans.
"They really come equipped to learn about the world in a way that wasn't appreciated until recently," says neuroscientist Sandra Aamodt. "It took scientists a long time to realize that their brains are doing some very complicated things."
Aamodt and fellow neuroscientist Sam Wang explain how the human brain develops from infancy to adolescence in their new book, Welcome to Your Child's Brain. The two researchers also offer tips for parents to help their children eat their spinach, learn their ABCs and navigate elementary school.
Before all of those things, however, children have to learn how to talk. Babies can differentiate syllables and new sounds from very early on, but there are ways for parents to help their children develop their language skills faster and more efficiently.
"The most simple way is to talk to your baby and around your baby a lot," says Aamodt. "And the other thing that parents can do is to respond when the baby speaks, even if the baby isn't forming the words correctly or you don't understand it. Just act like some communication has occurred — smile and give the baby a little pat — and that encourages the baby to continue to try to communicate."
But because language is so social, says Wang, passive exposure to words really doesn't help babies learn in any way.
"For instance, videos that are often shown to babies containing language are not nearly so effective," he says. "In some cases, people try to teach babies language by showing them videos in a foreign language. It doesn't work very well at all because these are not social ways of exposing a child to language."
Parents should also realize that their children may reach certain intellectual milestones at different times — and that's OK.
"Language is acquired quite well before the age of 6, but trying to force your children to read before the age of 4 is an effort that doesn't work very well because the brain is not very well-equipped to tell the letter 'b' from the letter 'd' and so on," says Wang. "[But] it's something that older children can do without any effort at all."
And children who grow up in bilingual households have a distinct advantage over their peers.
"Kids who learn two languages young are better able to learn abstract rules and to reverse rules that they've already learned," says Aamodt. "They're less likely to have difficulty choosing between conflicting possibilities when there are two possible responses that both present themselves. They're also better at figuring out what other people are thinking, which is probably because they have to figure out which language to use every time they talk to somebody in order to communicate."
Teaching Self-Control
Aamodt and Wang also emphasize the importance of teaching your children self-control from an early age.
"This is really critical because there are so many things parents want to do when they read parenting books," he says. "They take steps to teach their children math or reading ... but a big thing we can do for our children is to do the best to foster the development of self-control and willpower. Self-control and the ability to restrain impulses is associated with success at every age, whether it means being able to read at age 4, or being able to restrain impulses at a later age, or even what your peers think of you in high school. At all of these ages, willpower and self-control is a stronger predictor of academic success than IQ."
When children are young, they can learn self-control by focusing on any fun activity — whether that means studying martial arts or playing with dolls and planning a make-believe tea party.
"It gives the child practice at planning and organizing a series of topics to achieve a desired goal," says Aamodt. "When you're planning a tea party, you can't be acting like a fighter pilot. You have to be acting like a lady having a tea party. So pretending is one of the earliest types of exposure most kids get to planning and organizing their actions. And the more you practice that, the better you're going to be at it."
Making sure your child has fun while learning self-control is vitally important. Aamodt and Wang recommend, for instance, telling your child to pretend he or she is protecting a castle instead of just saying, "Stand still."
"Taking advantage of a child's natural sense of fun is a terrific way to instill these things," says Wang. "This is not the kind of thing that works well if it's forced. It can be something as easy as pretending to guard the castle or playing a take-turns game where you say, 'I'm going to draw an ear on this piece of paper, and when you see an ear, then it's your time to listen. And if you see a mouth on this other piece of paper, then it's your time to talk.' So all of these things can be done in very simple ways — in ways that are often fun — and the more fun it is, the more likely the child is to pay attention for a longer period of time. These things are fun, they don't cost money, and anybody can do it."
Dr. Sam Wang is an associate professor of neuroscience at Princeton University. Dr. Sandra Aamodt is a former editor-in-chief of Nature Neuroscience. They are also the co-authors of Welcome to Your Brain: Why You Lose Your Car Keys but Never Forget How to Drive and Other Puzzles of Everyday Life.
On rewards vs. punishment
Dr. Aamodt: "With a child, you're not only concerned with getting a child to behave. You're also concerned with building a good relationship with your child. You want your child to think of you as a wonderful person to be around. You also don't want to teach our kids that the way we solve our interpersonal problems is with violence."
Dr. Wang: "Negative reinforcement is often not very effective with deterring behavior. ... negative reinforcement punishment tends to not be very general. So the child will avoid doing the specific thing that led to the punishment and not learn some broader rule. From a practical standpoint, negative reinforcement is not terribly effective."
On time out
Dr. Wang: "One thing that's similar between how children and nonhuman animals learn best is the phenomenon of timeout, which has entered the lexicon as a means of getting a child to avoid doing something later. It comes from technical literature from which the long phrase is 'timeout and reinforcement,' which is if the kid does something undesirable, you simply take the child, go to the corner, and just sit there. And you don't say anything at all. You don't have to be negative. You don't have to mete out a punishment. You just have to say, 'Sit there for 3 minutes, and when I come back, we're done.' And then you forget about it and move on. This works at all ages."
On stress and pregnancy
Dr. Aamodt: "Stress is not good for babies. No ethics review board in the world would approve [an experiment] in which we deliberately damaged [pregnant women's] babies. But there are these so-called experiments of nature. One experiment that was done looked at women who had been evacuated from a hurricane in Louisiana when they were pregnant. What that study found was a substantially increased rate of autism in babies who had been in their fifth or sixth month of gestation at the time they fled the hurricane. The effect was stronger in cases where the hurricane was more dangerous."
On 'tiger parenting'
Dr. Wang: "I'm not very much of a tiger mother. I'm more of a pussy cat dad."
Children's Health